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What are the real rules for choosing between the simple past and past perfect when both actions are in the past?


When to use “I was … ” and when “I had been … ”?Past Simple and Past Perfect Simple with 'already'“Until” and past perfectPast Perfect and gerund vs. Past Perfect and Simple PastWhat tense should be used when present/past perfect is used?Sudden shift to present perfect in McCarthy's “The Road”(Past Perfect and Simple past) What is the difference between these sentences?“Ever + past perfect” vs “ever + simple past”Learning about the difference between past simple and past perfectTime frame Past Perfect and Past Simple in 1 sentence






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








1















What are the real rules for choosing past perfect versus choosing past simple when you have two different past actions?



I ask because the English sequence of tenses rules I was taught would have made me choose different tenses than those the writers in all three examples I show below chose.



That makes me think I wasn’t taught the correct, or at least the complete, rules.



What are they really, and why?





  1. Why is past perfect used here for the second verb instead of past simple again like the first one?





    • They soothed him with hugs and the first kind words he had heard since the beginning of his chastisement.



    Why is it had heard instead of simply heard, like this?






    • They soothed him with hugs and the first kind words he heard since the beginning of his chastisement.




    Is the second version also right?




  2. Why are both verbs in the second sentence in past simple instead of the first one of them being in past perfect to show that it (had?) happened first?





    • We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain.



    Wouldn’t it be correct to use after we had begun playing here, like this?






    • We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we had begun playing, it started to rain.




    Is the second version also right?




  3. Here again, why is the first verb in past perfect instead of in past simple like the second one?





    • One of the young men who had been injured in an attack on our supply lines was a laborer on the construction site.



    Why not use this version instead?





    • One of the young men who were injured in an attack on our supply lines was a laborer on the construction site.




    Is the second version also right? What about this one?





    • One of the young men who were injured in an attack on our supply lines had been a laborer on the construction site.





If the originals are all perfectly right, then are my proposals also right or are they wrong? Could they ever be right?



Could the originals ever be wrong? How do you decide which to use?



Do they mean different things to a native speaker?










share|improve this question









New contributor




Oliaoliaoliaolia is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




















  • The choice of tense may have been affected by surrounding sentences - but you have not provided any context for your quotations.

    – TrevorD
    4 hours ago






  • 1





    Why do you think the first one should be plain heard? What rule that you were taught requires this? We can't decide whether the rules you were taught are wrong, or whether you are simply misinterpreting them until we know this.

    – Peter Shor
    2 hours ago












  • Did the man who was injured in the attack on the supply line get injured while he was a laborer on the construction site, or before he was a laborer on the construction site? And did he resume his work at the construction site after he was injured?

    – Peter Shor
    2 hours ago












  • An awful lot is simply personal preference and the subtle differences in "tone" between the various options. The biggest real differences are usually in terms of the implied ordering of events, as suggested by Peter Shor's comment.

    – Hot Licks
    2 hours ago






  • 2





    The real rules are that people rarely use the past perfect unless they have to stress something about the relative time of two events in the past. This is not a common occurrence, so most people don't bother.

    – John Lawler
    1 hour ago

















1















What are the real rules for choosing past perfect versus choosing past simple when you have two different past actions?



I ask because the English sequence of tenses rules I was taught would have made me choose different tenses than those the writers in all three examples I show below chose.



That makes me think I wasn’t taught the correct, or at least the complete, rules.



What are they really, and why?





  1. Why is past perfect used here for the second verb instead of past simple again like the first one?





    • They soothed him with hugs and the first kind words he had heard since the beginning of his chastisement.



    Why is it had heard instead of simply heard, like this?






    • They soothed him with hugs and the first kind words he heard since the beginning of his chastisement.




    Is the second version also right?




  2. Why are both verbs in the second sentence in past simple instead of the first one of them being in past perfect to show that it (had?) happened first?





    • We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain.



    Wouldn’t it be correct to use after we had begun playing here, like this?






    • We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we had begun playing, it started to rain.




    Is the second version also right?




  3. Here again, why is the first verb in past perfect instead of in past simple like the second one?





    • One of the young men who had been injured in an attack on our supply lines was a laborer on the construction site.



    Why not use this version instead?





    • One of the young men who were injured in an attack on our supply lines was a laborer on the construction site.




    Is the second version also right? What about this one?





    • One of the young men who were injured in an attack on our supply lines had been a laborer on the construction site.





If the originals are all perfectly right, then are my proposals also right or are they wrong? Could they ever be right?



Could the originals ever be wrong? How do you decide which to use?



Do they mean different things to a native speaker?










share|improve this question









New contributor




Oliaoliaoliaolia is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.




















  • The choice of tense may have been affected by surrounding sentences - but you have not provided any context for your quotations.

    – TrevorD
    4 hours ago






  • 1





    Why do you think the first one should be plain heard? What rule that you were taught requires this? We can't decide whether the rules you were taught are wrong, or whether you are simply misinterpreting them until we know this.

    – Peter Shor
    2 hours ago












  • Did the man who was injured in the attack on the supply line get injured while he was a laborer on the construction site, or before he was a laborer on the construction site? And did he resume his work at the construction site after he was injured?

    – Peter Shor
    2 hours ago












  • An awful lot is simply personal preference and the subtle differences in "tone" between the various options. The biggest real differences are usually in terms of the implied ordering of events, as suggested by Peter Shor's comment.

    – Hot Licks
    2 hours ago






  • 2





    The real rules are that people rarely use the past perfect unless they have to stress something about the relative time of two events in the past. This is not a common occurrence, so most people don't bother.

    – John Lawler
    1 hour ago













1












1








1


2






What are the real rules for choosing past perfect versus choosing past simple when you have two different past actions?



I ask because the English sequence of tenses rules I was taught would have made me choose different tenses than those the writers in all three examples I show below chose.



That makes me think I wasn’t taught the correct, or at least the complete, rules.



What are they really, and why?





  1. Why is past perfect used here for the second verb instead of past simple again like the first one?





    • They soothed him with hugs and the first kind words he had heard since the beginning of his chastisement.



    Why is it had heard instead of simply heard, like this?






    • They soothed him with hugs and the first kind words he heard since the beginning of his chastisement.




    Is the second version also right?




  2. Why are both verbs in the second sentence in past simple instead of the first one of them being in past perfect to show that it (had?) happened first?





    • We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain.



    Wouldn’t it be correct to use after we had begun playing here, like this?






    • We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we had begun playing, it started to rain.




    Is the second version also right?




  3. Here again, why is the first verb in past perfect instead of in past simple like the second one?





    • One of the young men who had been injured in an attack on our supply lines was a laborer on the construction site.



    Why not use this version instead?





    • One of the young men who were injured in an attack on our supply lines was a laborer on the construction site.




    Is the second version also right? What about this one?





    • One of the young men who were injured in an attack on our supply lines had been a laborer on the construction site.





If the originals are all perfectly right, then are my proposals also right or are they wrong? Could they ever be right?



Could the originals ever be wrong? How do you decide which to use?



Do they mean different things to a native speaker?










share|improve this question









New contributor




Oliaoliaoliaolia is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












What are the real rules for choosing past perfect versus choosing past simple when you have two different past actions?



I ask because the English sequence of tenses rules I was taught would have made me choose different tenses than those the writers in all three examples I show below chose.



That makes me think I wasn’t taught the correct, or at least the complete, rules.



What are they really, and why?





  1. Why is past perfect used here for the second verb instead of past simple again like the first one?





    • They soothed him with hugs and the first kind words he had heard since the beginning of his chastisement.



    Why is it had heard instead of simply heard, like this?






    • They soothed him with hugs and the first kind words he heard since the beginning of his chastisement.




    Is the second version also right?




  2. Why are both verbs in the second sentence in past simple instead of the first one of them being in past perfect to show that it (had?) happened first?





    • We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain.



    Wouldn’t it be correct to use after we had begun playing here, like this?






    • We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we had begun playing, it started to rain.




    Is the second version also right?




  3. Here again, why is the first verb in past perfect instead of in past simple like the second one?





    • One of the young men who had been injured in an attack on our supply lines was a laborer on the construction site.



    Why not use this version instead?





    • One of the young men who were injured in an attack on our supply lines was a laborer on the construction site.




    Is the second version also right? What about this one?





    • One of the young men who were injured in an attack on our supply lines had been a laborer on the construction site.





If the originals are all perfectly right, then are my proposals also right or are they wrong? Could they ever be right?



Could the originals ever be wrong? How do you decide which to use?



Do they mean different things to a native speaker?







writing-style sequence-of-tenses simple-past-vs-past-perfect is-it-a-rule narration






share|improve this question









New contributor




Oliaoliaoliaolia is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|improve this question









New contributor




Oliaoliaoliaolia is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 3 hours ago









tchrist

110k30297477




110k30297477






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asked 5 hours ago









OliaoliaoliaoliaOliaoliaoliaolia

112




112




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New contributor





Oliaoliaoliaolia is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Oliaoliaoliaolia is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












  • The choice of tense may have been affected by surrounding sentences - but you have not provided any context for your quotations.

    – TrevorD
    4 hours ago






  • 1





    Why do you think the first one should be plain heard? What rule that you were taught requires this? We can't decide whether the rules you were taught are wrong, or whether you are simply misinterpreting them until we know this.

    – Peter Shor
    2 hours ago












  • Did the man who was injured in the attack on the supply line get injured while he was a laborer on the construction site, or before he was a laborer on the construction site? And did he resume his work at the construction site after he was injured?

    – Peter Shor
    2 hours ago












  • An awful lot is simply personal preference and the subtle differences in "tone" between the various options. The biggest real differences are usually in terms of the implied ordering of events, as suggested by Peter Shor's comment.

    – Hot Licks
    2 hours ago






  • 2





    The real rules are that people rarely use the past perfect unless they have to stress something about the relative time of two events in the past. This is not a common occurrence, so most people don't bother.

    – John Lawler
    1 hour ago

















  • The choice of tense may have been affected by surrounding sentences - but you have not provided any context for your quotations.

    – TrevorD
    4 hours ago






  • 1





    Why do you think the first one should be plain heard? What rule that you were taught requires this? We can't decide whether the rules you were taught are wrong, or whether you are simply misinterpreting them until we know this.

    – Peter Shor
    2 hours ago












  • Did the man who was injured in the attack on the supply line get injured while he was a laborer on the construction site, or before he was a laborer on the construction site? And did he resume his work at the construction site after he was injured?

    – Peter Shor
    2 hours ago












  • An awful lot is simply personal preference and the subtle differences in "tone" between the various options. The biggest real differences are usually in terms of the implied ordering of events, as suggested by Peter Shor's comment.

    – Hot Licks
    2 hours ago






  • 2





    The real rules are that people rarely use the past perfect unless they have to stress something about the relative time of two events in the past. This is not a common occurrence, so most people don't bother.

    – John Lawler
    1 hour ago
















The choice of tense may have been affected by surrounding sentences - but you have not provided any context for your quotations.

– TrevorD
4 hours ago





The choice of tense may have been affected by surrounding sentences - but you have not provided any context for your quotations.

– TrevorD
4 hours ago




1




1





Why do you think the first one should be plain heard? What rule that you were taught requires this? We can't decide whether the rules you were taught are wrong, or whether you are simply misinterpreting them until we know this.

– Peter Shor
2 hours ago






Why do you think the first one should be plain heard? What rule that you were taught requires this? We can't decide whether the rules you were taught are wrong, or whether you are simply misinterpreting them until we know this.

– Peter Shor
2 hours ago














Did the man who was injured in the attack on the supply line get injured while he was a laborer on the construction site, or before he was a laborer on the construction site? And did he resume his work at the construction site after he was injured?

– Peter Shor
2 hours ago






Did the man who was injured in the attack on the supply line get injured while he was a laborer on the construction site, or before he was a laborer on the construction site? And did he resume his work at the construction site after he was injured?

– Peter Shor
2 hours ago














An awful lot is simply personal preference and the subtle differences in "tone" between the various options. The biggest real differences are usually in terms of the implied ordering of events, as suggested by Peter Shor's comment.

– Hot Licks
2 hours ago





An awful lot is simply personal preference and the subtle differences in "tone" between the various options. The biggest real differences are usually in terms of the implied ordering of events, as suggested by Peter Shor's comment.

– Hot Licks
2 hours ago




2




2





The real rules are that people rarely use the past perfect unless they have to stress something about the relative time of two events in the past. This is not a common occurrence, so most people don't bother.

– John Lawler
1 hour ago





The real rules are that people rarely use the past perfect unless they have to stress something about the relative time of two events in the past. This is not a common occurrence, so most people don't bother.

– John Lawler
1 hour ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















3














It's quite hard to say in any particular case that it's wrong to use the past simple rather than the past perfect. For cases (1) and (2), I would say that the tenses the writers chose are the most likely tenses for native English speakers to use. For (3), we simply don't have enough information to decide one way or the other.



  1. The hugs were after the beginning of his confinement, and the verb had heard acquires the entire time frame of his confinement from the since, so the time frame of the verb had heard is before the hugs. Here, the order of events is different from the order they occur in the sentence, so we are likely to use the past perfect.


  2. We usually don't use the past perfect if the order of the verbs is clear. Here, the verbs occur in the sentence in the same order that they happen (if this isn't the case, it's a trigger for using the past perfect), and there's also the preposition after in the sentence, so the order of events is perfectly clear, so the past perfect is optional here. You could use it, but most native English speakers wouldn't.


  3. There are two events here, and if I ignore the tenses in the sentence, the order of these events isn't at all clear. I would infer from the tenses in the sentence that he either started or resumed his work at the construction site after he was injured in the attack. If he first worked at the construction site, and then was injured in the attack severely enough that he couldn't work, I would consider the writer's verb tenses to be wrong.






share|improve this answer




















  • 2





    Thank you. Now I understand. I am new here, the interface of this website seems rather intricate. And about the 3rd case, you're absolutely right, he was a worker in the beginning, then he was injured in the attack, but not seriously so he continued to work

    – Oliaoliaoliaolia
    2 hours ago












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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









3














It's quite hard to say in any particular case that it's wrong to use the past simple rather than the past perfect. For cases (1) and (2), I would say that the tenses the writers chose are the most likely tenses for native English speakers to use. For (3), we simply don't have enough information to decide one way or the other.



  1. The hugs were after the beginning of his confinement, and the verb had heard acquires the entire time frame of his confinement from the since, so the time frame of the verb had heard is before the hugs. Here, the order of events is different from the order they occur in the sentence, so we are likely to use the past perfect.


  2. We usually don't use the past perfect if the order of the verbs is clear. Here, the verbs occur in the sentence in the same order that they happen (if this isn't the case, it's a trigger for using the past perfect), and there's also the preposition after in the sentence, so the order of events is perfectly clear, so the past perfect is optional here. You could use it, but most native English speakers wouldn't.


  3. There are two events here, and if I ignore the tenses in the sentence, the order of these events isn't at all clear. I would infer from the tenses in the sentence that he either started or resumed his work at the construction site after he was injured in the attack. If he first worked at the construction site, and then was injured in the attack severely enough that he couldn't work, I would consider the writer's verb tenses to be wrong.






share|improve this answer




















  • 2





    Thank you. Now I understand. I am new here, the interface of this website seems rather intricate. And about the 3rd case, you're absolutely right, he was a worker in the beginning, then he was injured in the attack, but not seriously so he continued to work

    – Oliaoliaoliaolia
    2 hours ago
















3














It's quite hard to say in any particular case that it's wrong to use the past simple rather than the past perfect. For cases (1) and (2), I would say that the tenses the writers chose are the most likely tenses for native English speakers to use. For (3), we simply don't have enough information to decide one way or the other.



  1. The hugs were after the beginning of his confinement, and the verb had heard acquires the entire time frame of his confinement from the since, so the time frame of the verb had heard is before the hugs. Here, the order of events is different from the order they occur in the sentence, so we are likely to use the past perfect.


  2. We usually don't use the past perfect if the order of the verbs is clear. Here, the verbs occur in the sentence in the same order that they happen (if this isn't the case, it's a trigger for using the past perfect), and there's also the preposition after in the sentence, so the order of events is perfectly clear, so the past perfect is optional here. You could use it, but most native English speakers wouldn't.


  3. There are two events here, and if I ignore the tenses in the sentence, the order of these events isn't at all clear. I would infer from the tenses in the sentence that he either started or resumed his work at the construction site after he was injured in the attack. If he first worked at the construction site, and then was injured in the attack severely enough that he couldn't work, I would consider the writer's verb tenses to be wrong.






share|improve this answer




















  • 2





    Thank you. Now I understand. I am new here, the interface of this website seems rather intricate. And about the 3rd case, you're absolutely right, he was a worker in the beginning, then he was injured in the attack, but not seriously so he continued to work

    – Oliaoliaoliaolia
    2 hours ago














3












3








3







It's quite hard to say in any particular case that it's wrong to use the past simple rather than the past perfect. For cases (1) and (2), I would say that the tenses the writers chose are the most likely tenses for native English speakers to use. For (3), we simply don't have enough information to decide one way or the other.



  1. The hugs were after the beginning of his confinement, and the verb had heard acquires the entire time frame of his confinement from the since, so the time frame of the verb had heard is before the hugs. Here, the order of events is different from the order they occur in the sentence, so we are likely to use the past perfect.


  2. We usually don't use the past perfect if the order of the verbs is clear. Here, the verbs occur in the sentence in the same order that they happen (if this isn't the case, it's a trigger for using the past perfect), and there's also the preposition after in the sentence, so the order of events is perfectly clear, so the past perfect is optional here. You could use it, but most native English speakers wouldn't.


  3. There are two events here, and if I ignore the tenses in the sentence, the order of these events isn't at all clear. I would infer from the tenses in the sentence that he either started or resumed his work at the construction site after he was injured in the attack. If he first worked at the construction site, and then was injured in the attack severely enough that he couldn't work, I would consider the writer's verb tenses to be wrong.






share|improve this answer















It's quite hard to say in any particular case that it's wrong to use the past simple rather than the past perfect. For cases (1) and (2), I would say that the tenses the writers chose are the most likely tenses for native English speakers to use. For (3), we simply don't have enough information to decide one way or the other.



  1. The hugs were after the beginning of his confinement, and the verb had heard acquires the entire time frame of his confinement from the since, so the time frame of the verb had heard is before the hugs. Here, the order of events is different from the order they occur in the sentence, so we are likely to use the past perfect.


  2. We usually don't use the past perfect if the order of the verbs is clear. Here, the verbs occur in the sentence in the same order that they happen (if this isn't the case, it's a trigger for using the past perfect), and there's also the preposition after in the sentence, so the order of events is perfectly clear, so the past perfect is optional here. You could use it, but most native English speakers wouldn't.


  3. There are two events here, and if I ignore the tenses in the sentence, the order of these events isn't at all clear. I would infer from the tenses in the sentence that he either started or resumed his work at the construction site after he was injured in the attack. If he first worked at the construction site, and then was injured in the attack severely enough that he couldn't work, I would consider the writer's verb tenses to be wrong.







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited 2 hours ago

























answered 2 hours ago









Peter Shor Peter Shor

64.1k6125231




64.1k6125231







  • 2





    Thank you. Now I understand. I am new here, the interface of this website seems rather intricate. And about the 3rd case, you're absolutely right, he was a worker in the beginning, then he was injured in the attack, but not seriously so he continued to work

    – Oliaoliaoliaolia
    2 hours ago













  • 2





    Thank you. Now I understand. I am new here, the interface of this website seems rather intricate. And about the 3rd case, you're absolutely right, he was a worker in the beginning, then he was injured in the attack, but not seriously so he continued to work

    – Oliaoliaoliaolia
    2 hours ago








2




2





Thank you. Now I understand. I am new here, the interface of this website seems rather intricate. And about the 3rd case, you're absolutely right, he was a worker in the beginning, then he was injured in the attack, but not seriously so he continued to work

– Oliaoliaoliaolia
2 hours ago






Thank you. Now I understand. I am new here, the interface of this website seems rather intricate. And about the 3rd case, you're absolutely right, he was a worker in the beginning, then he was injured in the attack, but not seriously so he continued to work

– Oliaoliaoliaolia
2 hours ago











Oliaoliaoliaolia is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.









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