Carnot-Caratheodory metric The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InWho introduced the terms “equivalence relation” and “equivalence class”?Has anyone pursued Frege's idea of numbers as second-order concepts?History and motivation for Tannaka, Krein, Grothendieck, Deligne et al. works on Tannaka-Krein theory?Continuous extension of Riemann maps and the Caratheodory-Torhorst TheoremAre Carnot groups (as Carnot Caratheodory metric spaces) doubling?Horizontal Sobolev space on Carnot groupEstimation on Carnot-Carathéodory metric induced on $mathbbR^3$ by Martinet vector fieldsExplicit formulas for Carnot-Carathéodory distances on Carnot groupsWhy doesn't this construction of the tangent space work for non-Riemannian metric manifolds?Heisenberg groups, Carnot groups and contact forms
Carnot-Caratheodory metric
The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InWho introduced the terms “equivalence relation” and “equivalence class”?Has anyone pursued Frege's idea of numbers as second-order concepts?History and motivation for Tannaka, Krein, Grothendieck, Deligne et al. works on Tannaka-Krein theory?Continuous extension of Riemann maps and the Caratheodory-Torhorst TheoremAre Carnot groups (as Carnot Caratheodory metric spaces) doubling?Horizontal Sobolev space on Carnot groupEstimation on Carnot-Carathéodory metric induced on $mathbbR^3$ by Martinet vector fieldsExplicit formulas for Carnot-Carathéodory distances on Carnot groupsWhy doesn't this construction of the tangent space work for non-Riemannian metric manifolds?Heisenberg groups, Carnot groups and contact forms
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The metric in sub-Riemannian geometry is often called the Carnot-Caratheodory metric.
Question 1. What is the origin of this name? Who was the first to introduce it?
I believe that the "Caratheodory" part of the name could be related to his work in theoretical thermodynamics [1], but I do not really know how it is related to his work.
Question 2. How is the notion of Carnot-Caratheodory metric related to the work of Caratheodory?
I know that Carnot groups are special examples of sub-Riemannian manifolds, but is it the reason for "Carnot" part in the name of the metric?
Question 3. What does the "Carnot" part of the name of the metric stand for?
[1] C. Caratheodory, Untersuchungen uber die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik.
Math. Ann. 67 (1909), 355–386.
reference-request ho.history-overview sub-riemannian-geometry heisenberg-groups
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The metric in sub-Riemannian geometry is often called the Carnot-Caratheodory metric.
Question 1. What is the origin of this name? Who was the first to introduce it?
I believe that the "Caratheodory" part of the name could be related to his work in theoretical thermodynamics [1], but I do not really know how it is related to his work.
Question 2. How is the notion of Carnot-Caratheodory metric related to the work of Caratheodory?
I know that Carnot groups are special examples of sub-Riemannian manifolds, but is it the reason for "Carnot" part in the name of the metric?
Question 3. What does the "Carnot" part of the name of the metric stand for?
[1] C. Caratheodory, Untersuchungen uber die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik.
Math. Ann. 67 (1909), 355–386.
reference-request ho.history-overview sub-riemannian-geometry heisenberg-groups
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The metric in sub-Riemannian geometry is often called the Carnot-Caratheodory metric.
Question 1. What is the origin of this name? Who was the first to introduce it?
I believe that the "Caratheodory" part of the name could be related to his work in theoretical thermodynamics [1], but I do not really know how it is related to his work.
Question 2. How is the notion of Carnot-Caratheodory metric related to the work of Caratheodory?
I know that Carnot groups are special examples of sub-Riemannian manifolds, but is it the reason for "Carnot" part in the name of the metric?
Question 3. What does the "Carnot" part of the name of the metric stand for?
[1] C. Caratheodory, Untersuchungen uber die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik.
Math. Ann. 67 (1909), 355–386.
reference-request ho.history-overview sub-riemannian-geometry heisenberg-groups
$endgroup$
The metric in sub-Riemannian geometry is often called the Carnot-Caratheodory metric.
Question 1. What is the origin of this name? Who was the first to introduce it?
I believe that the "Caratheodory" part of the name could be related to his work in theoretical thermodynamics [1], but I do not really know how it is related to his work.
Question 2. How is the notion of Carnot-Caratheodory metric related to the work of Caratheodory?
I know that Carnot groups are special examples of sub-Riemannian manifolds, but is it the reason for "Carnot" part in the name of the metric?
Question 3. What does the "Carnot" part of the name of the metric stand for?
[1] C. Caratheodory, Untersuchungen uber die Grundlagen der Thermodynamik.
Math. Ann. 67 (1909), 355–386.
reference-request ho.history-overview sub-riemannian-geometry heisenberg-groups
reference-request ho.history-overview sub-riemannian-geometry heisenberg-groups
edited 4 hours ago
YCor
29k486140
29k486140
asked 8 hours ago
Piotr HajlaszPiotr Hajlasz
10.4k43976
10.4k43976
add a comment |
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Pierre Pansu tells us that the terminology of the Carnot-Carathéodory metric is due to Mikhail Gromov [1].
Gromov himself explains the choice of the name:
The metric is called the Carnot-Carathéodory metric because it appears
(in a more general form) in the 1909 paper by Carathéodory on
formalization of the classical thermodynamics where horizontal curves
roughly correspond to adiabatic processes. The proof of this statement
may be performed in the language of Carnot cycles and for this reason
the metric was christened Carnot-Carathéodory.
Pansu adds
While the reference to Carathéodory is fundamental, the reference to
Carnot must be seen as a collective referral to the many authors who
rediscovered accessibility criteria from the middle of the twentieth
century back to a much earlier date.
[1] M. Gromov – Structures métriques pour les variétés Riemanniennes, Textes Mathématiques, vol. 1, Paris, 1981, Edited by J. Lafontaine and P. Pansu.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
If I understand correctly, Carnot refers to Carnot cycles, and therefore to the French physicist Sadi Carnot (1796-1832).
$endgroup$
– YCor
4 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
Certainly, that’s him.
$endgroup$
– Carlo Beenakker
4 hours ago
add a comment |
Your Answer
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1 Answer
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1 Answer
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$begingroup$
Pierre Pansu tells us that the terminology of the Carnot-Carathéodory metric is due to Mikhail Gromov [1].
Gromov himself explains the choice of the name:
The metric is called the Carnot-Carathéodory metric because it appears
(in a more general form) in the 1909 paper by Carathéodory on
formalization of the classical thermodynamics where horizontal curves
roughly correspond to adiabatic processes. The proof of this statement
may be performed in the language of Carnot cycles and for this reason
the metric was christened Carnot-Carathéodory.
Pansu adds
While the reference to Carathéodory is fundamental, the reference to
Carnot must be seen as a collective referral to the many authors who
rediscovered accessibility criteria from the middle of the twentieth
century back to a much earlier date.
[1] M. Gromov – Structures métriques pour les variétés Riemanniennes, Textes Mathématiques, vol. 1, Paris, 1981, Edited by J. Lafontaine and P. Pansu.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
If I understand correctly, Carnot refers to Carnot cycles, and therefore to the French physicist Sadi Carnot (1796-1832).
$endgroup$
– YCor
4 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
Certainly, that’s him.
$endgroup$
– Carlo Beenakker
4 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Pierre Pansu tells us that the terminology of the Carnot-Carathéodory metric is due to Mikhail Gromov [1].
Gromov himself explains the choice of the name:
The metric is called the Carnot-Carathéodory metric because it appears
(in a more general form) in the 1909 paper by Carathéodory on
formalization of the classical thermodynamics where horizontal curves
roughly correspond to adiabatic processes. The proof of this statement
may be performed in the language of Carnot cycles and for this reason
the metric was christened Carnot-Carathéodory.
Pansu adds
While the reference to Carathéodory is fundamental, the reference to
Carnot must be seen as a collective referral to the many authors who
rediscovered accessibility criteria from the middle of the twentieth
century back to a much earlier date.
[1] M. Gromov – Structures métriques pour les variétés Riemanniennes, Textes Mathématiques, vol. 1, Paris, 1981, Edited by J. Lafontaine and P. Pansu.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
If I understand correctly, Carnot refers to Carnot cycles, and therefore to the French physicist Sadi Carnot (1796-1832).
$endgroup$
– YCor
4 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
Certainly, that’s him.
$endgroup$
– Carlo Beenakker
4 hours ago
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Pierre Pansu tells us that the terminology of the Carnot-Carathéodory metric is due to Mikhail Gromov [1].
Gromov himself explains the choice of the name:
The metric is called the Carnot-Carathéodory metric because it appears
(in a more general form) in the 1909 paper by Carathéodory on
formalization of the classical thermodynamics where horizontal curves
roughly correspond to adiabatic processes. The proof of this statement
may be performed in the language of Carnot cycles and for this reason
the metric was christened Carnot-Carathéodory.
Pansu adds
While the reference to Carathéodory is fundamental, the reference to
Carnot must be seen as a collective referral to the many authors who
rediscovered accessibility criteria from the middle of the twentieth
century back to a much earlier date.
[1] M. Gromov – Structures métriques pour les variétés Riemanniennes, Textes Mathématiques, vol. 1, Paris, 1981, Edited by J. Lafontaine and P. Pansu.
$endgroup$
Pierre Pansu tells us that the terminology of the Carnot-Carathéodory metric is due to Mikhail Gromov [1].
Gromov himself explains the choice of the name:
The metric is called the Carnot-Carathéodory metric because it appears
(in a more general form) in the 1909 paper by Carathéodory on
formalization of the classical thermodynamics where horizontal curves
roughly correspond to adiabatic processes. The proof of this statement
may be performed in the language of Carnot cycles and for this reason
the metric was christened Carnot-Carathéodory.
Pansu adds
While the reference to Carathéodory is fundamental, the reference to
Carnot must be seen as a collective referral to the many authors who
rediscovered accessibility criteria from the middle of the twentieth
century back to a much earlier date.
[1] M. Gromov – Structures métriques pour les variétés Riemanniennes, Textes Mathématiques, vol. 1, Paris, 1981, Edited by J. Lafontaine and P. Pansu.
edited 7 hours ago
answered 8 hours ago
Carlo BeenakkerCarlo Beenakker
80k9190293
80k9190293
1
$begingroup$
If I understand correctly, Carnot refers to Carnot cycles, and therefore to the French physicist Sadi Carnot (1796-1832).
$endgroup$
– YCor
4 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
Certainly, that’s him.
$endgroup$
– Carlo Beenakker
4 hours ago
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
If I understand correctly, Carnot refers to Carnot cycles, and therefore to the French physicist Sadi Carnot (1796-1832).
$endgroup$
– YCor
4 hours ago
2
$begingroup$
Certainly, that’s him.
$endgroup$
– Carlo Beenakker
4 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
If I understand correctly, Carnot refers to Carnot cycles, and therefore to the French physicist Sadi Carnot (1796-1832).
$endgroup$
– YCor
4 hours ago
$begingroup$
If I understand correctly, Carnot refers to Carnot cycles, and therefore to the French physicist Sadi Carnot (1796-1832).
$endgroup$
– YCor
4 hours ago
2
2
$begingroup$
Certainly, that’s him.
$endgroup$
– Carlo Beenakker
4 hours ago
$begingroup$
Certainly, that’s him.
$endgroup$
– Carlo Beenakker
4 hours ago
add a comment |
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