What's the output of a record needle playing an out-of-speed recordCannibalizing a printer, how to figure out what some of the parts are/doWhat determines the speed of a brushless DC motorDoes the peak torque decrease at rated speed for BLDC motor?What's the relationship between ESC pwm input and output?Controlling the speed of a brushless motor with the HA13535What is the effective speed-control range of a BLDC motor?What's the relationship between DC braking torque and AC turning torque for a given current on a BLDC motorSpeed and position controle of a BLDC motor at the same timeWhat's the best starting point for rotor angle estimation for FOC?How to find the optimal speed of a BLDC motor having hall sensors? Can we change the most efficient speed through the controller?

How does quantile regression compare to logistic regression with the variable split at the quantile?

Is it tax fraud for an individual to declare non-taxable revenue as taxable income? (US tax laws)

Client team has low performances and low technical skills: we always fix their work and now they stop collaborate with us. How to solve?

Can I make popcorn with any corn?

Do infinite dimensional systems make sense?

Watching something be written to a file live with tail

Can an x86 CPU running in real mode be considered to be basically an 8086 CPU?

Why does Kotter return in Welcome Back Kotter?

Why "Having chlorophyll without photosynthesis is actually very dangerous" and "like living with a bomb"?

What does it mean to describe someone as a butt steak?

Is it unprofessional to ask if a job posting on GlassDoor is real?

How do I deal with an unproductive colleague in a small company?

What is a clear way to write a bar that has an extra beat?

Accidentally leaked the solution to an assignment, what to do now? (I'm the prof)

Does detail obscure or enhance action?

LaTeX: Why are digits allowed in environments, but forbidden in commands?

Does an object always see its latest internal state irrespective of thread?

A newer friend of my brother's gave him a load of baseball cards that are supposedly extremely valuable. Is this a scam?

What are these boxed doors outside store fronts in New York?

tikz convert color string to hex value

How can bays and straits be determined in a procedurally generated map?

What is the word for reserving something for yourself before others do?

meaning of に in 本当に?

Today is the Center



What's the output of a record needle playing an out-of-speed record


Cannibalizing a printer, how to figure out what some of the parts are/doWhat determines the speed of a brushless DC motorDoes the peak torque decrease at rated speed for BLDC motor?What's the relationship between ESC pwm input and output?Controlling the speed of a brushless motor with the HA13535What is the effective speed-control range of a BLDC motor?What's the relationship between DC braking torque and AC turning torque for a given current on a BLDC motorSpeed and position controle of a BLDC motor at the same timeWhat's the best starting point for rotor angle estimation for FOC?How to find the optimal speed of a BLDC motor having hall sensors? Can we change the most efficient speed through the controller?






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








2












$begingroup$


I'm very interested in vinyl records and analog music, and the belt of my turntable got loose. Upon such situation it piqued my curiosity, what is the output signal at the end of the arm cartridge wires for a known waveshape if the speed is not the correct one.



Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?



I'm not considering the filters that the needle might apply on the signal, whether it is a low pass, band pass, or high pass nor any other impedances that might alter the signal in any circumstance, just a supposedly ideal needle and cartridge.









share











$endgroup$


















    2












    $begingroup$


    I'm very interested in vinyl records and analog music, and the belt of my turntable got loose. Upon such situation it piqued my curiosity, what is the output signal at the end of the arm cartridge wires for a known waveshape if the speed is not the correct one.



    Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?



    I'm not considering the filters that the needle might apply on the signal, whether it is a low pass, band pass, or high pass nor any other impedances that might alter the signal in any circumstance, just a supposedly ideal needle and cartridge.









    share











    $endgroup$














      2












      2








      2





      $begingroup$


      I'm very interested in vinyl records and analog music, and the belt of my turntable got loose. Upon such situation it piqued my curiosity, what is the output signal at the end of the arm cartridge wires for a known waveshape if the speed is not the correct one.



      Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?



      I'm not considering the filters that the needle might apply on the signal, whether it is a low pass, band pass, or high pass nor any other impedances that might alter the signal in any circumstance, just a supposedly ideal needle and cartridge.









      share











      $endgroup$




      I'm very interested in vinyl records and analog music, and the belt of my turntable got loose. Upon such situation it piqued my curiosity, what is the output signal at the end of the arm cartridge wires for a known waveshape if the speed is not the correct one.



      Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?



      I'm not considering the filters that the needle might apply on the signal, whether it is a low pass, band pass, or high pass nor any other impedances that might alter the signal in any circumstance, just a supposedly ideal needle and cartridge.







      brushless-dc-motor





      share














      share












      share



      share








      edited 6 hours ago









      Dave Tweed

      123k9152266




      123k9152266










      asked 6 hours ago









      Gabriel SantosGabriel Santos

      213




      213




















          6 Answers
          6






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          6












          $begingroup$


          Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




          The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



          The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.






          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$




















            3












            $begingroup$

            Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



            A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$












            • $begingroup$
              Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
              $endgroup$
              – Gabriel Santos
              6 hours ago






            • 1




              $begingroup$
              It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
              $endgroup$
              – Dave Tweed
              6 hours ago


















            3












            $begingroup$

            To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



            Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



            If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.






            share|improve this answer











            $endgroup$








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              6 hours ago


















            2












            $begingroup$

            Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



            In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$












            • $begingroup$
              +1 Bingo! This is the best answer for someone "...very interested in vinyl records and analog music."
              $endgroup$
              – uhoh
              30 mins ago



















            0












            $begingroup$

            I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



            Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$




















              0












              $begingroup$

              The output voltage of record cartridges is given at 1KHz at some standard velocity of the needle.



              Often 5 millivolts output at 5 centimeters per second needle movement. This would be for MOVNG-MAGNET, with thousands of ohms because of the very tiny wires in the FIXED coil.
              The high resistance causes a high random thermal electron noise floor.



              The lowest noise cartridges are MOVING_COIL, often with resistance under 10 ohms.



              But serious amplification, at low noise, and low VDD trash injection, and thorough shielding, is needed. The output voltage is often 0.2 millivolts or even less,
              at that stated needle velocity, at 1KHz.






              share|improve this answer









              $endgroup$













                Your Answer





                StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
                return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function ()
                StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix)
                StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["\$", "\$"]]);
                );
                );
                , "mathjax-editing");

                StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
                return StackExchange.using("schematics", function ()
                StackExchange.schematics.init();
                );
                , "cicuitlab");

                StackExchange.ready(function()
                var channelOptions =
                tags: "".split(" "),
                id: "135"
                ;
                initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

                StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
                // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
                if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
                StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
                createEditor();
                );

                else
                createEditor();

                );

                function createEditor()
                StackExchange.prepareEditor(
                heartbeatType: 'answer',
                autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
                convertImagesToLinks: false,
                noModals: true,
                showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
                reputationToPostImages: null,
                bindNavPrevention: true,
                postfix: "",
                imageUploader:
                brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
                contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
                allowUrls: true
                ,
                onDemand: true,
                discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
                ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
                );



                );













                draft saved

                draft discarded


















                StackExchange.ready(
                function ()
                StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2felectronics.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f431010%2fwhats-the-output-of-a-record-needle-playing-an-out-of-speed-record%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                );

                Post as a guest















                Required, but never shown

























                6 Answers
                6






                active

                oldest

                votes








                6 Answers
                6






                active

                oldest

                votes









                active

                oldest

                votes






                active

                oldest

                votes









                6












                $begingroup$


                Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




                The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



                The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.






                share|improve this answer











                $endgroup$

















                  6












                  $begingroup$


                  Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




                  The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



                  The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.






                  share|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$















                    6












                    6








                    6





                    $begingroup$


                    Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




                    The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



                    The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.






                    share|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$




                    Say the record was mean to play sin(wt), a pure sine wave, at 33rpm, then, because of a loosen belt or any other reason, it rotates at a different RPM, how to calculate the changes in such sine wave?




                    The pitch and tempo will change in proportion to the speed change. At 33 RPM it would already be musically flat as the correct speed is 331/3 RPM. A 1 kHz test tone - common on test records - would, at 33 RPM, give off $ frac 3333.33 text kHz $.



                    The sinewave would remain a sinewave but stretched in time and, therefore, a lower pitch.







                    share|improve this answer














                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer








                    edited 6 hours ago









                    K H

                    2,360215




                    2,360215










                    answered 6 hours ago









                    TransistorTransistor

                    88.2k785189




                    88.2k785189























                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



                        A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$












                        • $begingroup$
                          Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Gabriel Santos
                          6 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Dave Tweed
                          6 hours ago















                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



                        A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$












                        • $begingroup$
                          Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Gabriel Santos
                          6 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Dave Tweed
                          6 hours ago













                        3












                        3








                        3





                        $begingroup$

                        Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



                        A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$



                        Changing the speed of the platter simply affects how fast the groove is moving under the needle, nothing else.



                        A sine wave with the time axis compressed or expanded is still a sine wave. In fact, since the groove is a direct mechanical representation of the original complex waveform, you still get the same waveform simply compressed or expanded in time.







                        share|improve this answer












                        share|improve this answer



                        share|improve this answer










                        answered 6 hours ago









                        Dave TweedDave Tweed

                        123k9152266




                        123k9152266











                        • $begingroup$
                          Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Gabriel Santos
                          6 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Dave Tweed
                          6 hours ago
















                        • $begingroup$
                          Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                          $endgroup$
                          – Gabriel Santos
                          6 hours ago






                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Dave Tweed
                          6 hours ago















                        $begingroup$
                        Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Gabriel Santos
                        6 hours ago




                        $begingroup$
                        Right, agreed, in the ideal case a a sine wave of same amplitude, but with a diferent frequency, right? The point is for a sin(wt), how the change of rotation speed will affect the frequency?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Gabriel Santos
                        6 hours ago




                        1




                        1




                        $begingroup$
                        It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Dave Tweed
                        6 hours ago




                        $begingroup$
                        It's linear -- double the speed means double the frequency. That's what compressing the time axis means.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Dave Tweed
                        6 hours ago











                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



                        Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



                        If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$








                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Toor
                          6 hours ago















                        3












                        $begingroup$

                        To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



                        Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



                        If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$








                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Toor
                          6 hours ago













                        3












                        3








                        3





                        $begingroup$

                        To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



                        Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



                        If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.






                        share|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$



                        To really simplify, a record has wiggles in the groove that correspond to the recorded sound pressure. (This ignores stereo, and any companding, but it answers your question).



                        Events are recorded onto that wiggly grove as they happen -- you can think of the groove as a picture of the sound, with the time domain turned into events happening as the needle follows the groove.



                        If you play the record slower, all the events happen more slowly -- the singer sings slower and deeper, the orchestra does too, etc. Speeding it up does the opposite -- a normal recording, sped up, sounds like a hyperactive chipmunk.







                        share|improve this answer














                        share|improve this answer



                        share|improve this answer








                        edited 4 hours ago

























                        answered 6 hours ago









                        TimWescottTimWescott

                        6,6241416




                        6,6241416







                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Toor
                          6 hours ago












                        • 1




                          $begingroup$
                          I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                          $endgroup$
                          – Toor
                          6 hours ago







                        1




                        1




                        $begingroup$
                        I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Toor
                        6 hours ago




                        $begingroup$
                        I was surprised when I first learned how records work. It's so analog that it's amazing it works at all.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Toor
                        6 hours ago











                        2












                        $begingroup$

                        Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



                        In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$












                        • $begingroup$
                          +1 Bingo! This is the best answer for someone "...very interested in vinyl records and analog music."
                          $endgroup$
                          – uhoh
                          30 mins ago
















                        2












                        $begingroup$

                        Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



                        In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$












                        • $begingroup$
                          +1 Bingo! This is the best answer for someone "...very interested in vinyl records and analog music."
                          $endgroup$
                          – uhoh
                          30 mins ago














                        2












                        2








                        2





                        $begingroup$

                        Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



                        In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$



                        Grooves are cut with frequency correction according to RIAA equalization. Playing the record off with wrong speed increases all frequencies by the same factor (corresponding to a shift left/right on the frequency axis of the doubly logarithmic transfer function diagram). Since the frequency correction is not a straight line, this does not just result in a frequency shift but also in an uneven frequency response due to recording and replaying correction no longer being proper inverses.



                        In addition, the equalization is done in order to reduce excessive signal amplitudes on stylus and pickup. Counteracting this by wrong speed may lead to either excessive amplitudes (electrical or mechanical) or too low signals overlaid with a relatively higher noise floor.







                        share|improve this answer












                        share|improve this answer



                        share|improve this answer










                        answered 5 hours ago







                        user217611


















                        • $begingroup$
                          +1 Bingo! This is the best answer for someone "...very interested in vinyl records and analog music."
                          $endgroup$
                          – uhoh
                          30 mins ago

















                        • $begingroup$
                          +1 Bingo! This is the best answer for someone "...very interested in vinyl records and analog music."
                          $endgroup$
                          – uhoh
                          30 mins ago
















                        $begingroup$
                        +1 Bingo! This is the best answer for someone "...very interested in vinyl records and analog music."
                        $endgroup$
                        – uhoh
                        30 mins ago





                        $begingroup$
                        +1 Bingo! This is the best answer for someone "...very interested in vinyl records and analog music."
                        $endgroup$
                        – uhoh
                        30 mins ago












                        0












                        $begingroup$

                        I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



                        Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.






                        share|improve this answer









                        $endgroup$

















                          0












                          $begingroup$

                          I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



                          Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.






                          share|improve this answer









                          $endgroup$















                            0












                            0








                            0





                            $begingroup$

                            I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



                            Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.






                            share|improve this answer









                            $endgroup$



                            I have practical experience with this--record players with variable speed drives used to exist. These were specialty systems intended for blind people--they allowed the listener to speed up the records. They were made variable because not everyone wanted the same speed.



                            Obviously, for music this would be insane but these units were intended for playing voice--magazines read aloud onto special 8 1/3 rpm 9" flexible plastic records. They were not durable at all (but neither are magazines) but did their job at a much lower cost than other technologies of the day. Other than the variable speed drive, the low speed settings (their highest was 33 1/3), and the ability to survive being mailed as is they were ordinary players.







                            share|improve this answer












                            share|improve this answer



                            share|improve this answer










                            answered 34 mins ago









                            Loren PechtelLoren Pechtel

                            22328




                            22328





















                                0












                                $begingroup$

                                The output voltage of record cartridges is given at 1KHz at some standard velocity of the needle.



                                Often 5 millivolts output at 5 centimeters per second needle movement. This would be for MOVNG-MAGNET, with thousands of ohms because of the very tiny wires in the FIXED coil.
                                The high resistance causes a high random thermal electron noise floor.



                                The lowest noise cartridges are MOVING_COIL, often with resistance under 10 ohms.



                                But serious amplification, at low noise, and low VDD trash injection, and thorough shielding, is needed. The output voltage is often 0.2 millivolts or even less,
                                at that stated needle velocity, at 1KHz.






                                share|improve this answer









                                $endgroup$

















                                  0












                                  $begingroup$

                                  The output voltage of record cartridges is given at 1KHz at some standard velocity of the needle.



                                  Often 5 millivolts output at 5 centimeters per second needle movement. This would be for MOVNG-MAGNET, with thousands of ohms because of the very tiny wires in the FIXED coil.
                                  The high resistance causes a high random thermal electron noise floor.



                                  The lowest noise cartridges are MOVING_COIL, often with resistance under 10 ohms.



                                  But serious amplification, at low noise, and low VDD trash injection, and thorough shielding, is needed. The output voltage is often 0.2 millivolts or even less,
                                  at that stated needle velocity, at 1KHz.






                                  share|improve this answer









                                  $endgroup$















                                    0












                                    0








                                    0





                                    $begingroup$

                                    The output voltage of record cartridges is given at 1KHz at some standard velocity of the needle.



                                    Often 5 millivolts output at 5 centimeters per second needle movement. This would be for MOVNG-MAGNET, with thousands of ohms because of the very tiny wires in the FIXED coil.
                                    The high resistance causes a high random thermal electron noise floor.



                                    The lowest noise cartridges are MOVING_COIL, often with resistance under 10 ohms.



                                    But serious amplification, at low noise, and low VDD trash injection, and thorough shielding, is needed. The output voltage is often 0.2 millivolts or even less,
                                    at that stated needle velocity, at 1KHz.






                                    share|improve this answer









                                    $endgroup$



                                    The output voltage of record cartridges is given at 1KHz at some standard velocity of the needle.



                                    Often 5 millivolts output at 5 centimeters per second needle movement. This would be for MOVNG-MAGNET, with thousands of ohms because of the very tiny wires in the FIXED coil.
                                    The high resistance causes a high random thermal electron noise floor.



                                    The lowest noise cartridges are MOVING_COIL, often with resistance under 10 ohms.



                                    But serious amplification, at low noise, and low VDD trash injection, and thorough shielding, is needed. The output voltage is often 0.2 millivolts or even less,
                                    at that stated needle velocity, at 1KHz.







                                    share|improve this answer












                                    share|improve this answer



                                    share|improve this answer










                                    answered 15 mins ago









                                    analogsystemsrfanalogsystemsrf

                                    16k2822




                                    16k2822



























                                        draft saved

                                        draft discarded
















































                                        Thanks for contributing an answer to Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange!


                                        • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                                        But avoid


                                        • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                                        • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

                                        Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.


                                        To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                                        draft saved


                                        draft discarded














                                        StackExchange.ready(
                                        function ()
                                        StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2felectronics.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f431010%2fwhats-the-output-of-a-record-needle-playing-an-out-of-speed-record%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                                        );

                                        Post as a guest















                                        Required, but never shown





















































                                        Required, but never shown














                                        Required, but never shown












                                        Required, but never shown







                                        Required, but never shown

































                                        Required, but never shown














                                        Required, but never shown












                                        Required, but never shown







                                        Required, but never shown







                                        Popular posts from this blog

                                        Magento 2 duplicate PHPSESSID cookie when using session_start() in custom php scriptMagento 2: User cant logged in into to account page, no error showing!Magento duplicate on subdomainGrabbing storeview from cookie (after using language selector)How do I run php custom script on magento2Magento 2: Include PHP script in headerSession lock after using Cm_RedisSessionscript php to update stockMagento set cookie popupMagento 2 session id cookie - where to find it?How to import Configurable product from csv with custom attributes using php scriptMagento 2 run custom PHP script

                                        Can not update quote_id field of “quote_item” table magento 2Magento 2.1 - We can't remove the item. (Shopping Cart doesnt allow us to remove items before becomes empty)Add value for custom quote item attribute using REST apiREST API endpoint v1/carts/cartId/items always returns error messageCorrect way to save entries to databaseHow to remove all associated quote objects of a customer completelyMagento 2 - Save value from custom input field to quote_itemGet quote_item data using quote id and product id filter in Magento 2How to set additional data to quote_item table from controller in Magento 2?What is the purpose of additional_data column in quote_item table in magento2Set Custom Price to Quote item magento2 from controller

                                        How to solve knockout JS error in Magento 2 Planned maintenance scheduled April 23, 2019 at 23:30 UTC (7:30pm US/Eastern) Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Unicorn Meta Zoo #1: Why another podcast?(Magento2) knockout.js:3012 Uncaught ReferenceError: Unable to process bindingUnable to process binding Knockout.js magento 2Cannot read property `scopeLabel` of undefined on Product Detail PageCan't get Customer Data on frontend in Magento 2Magento2 Order Summary - unable to process bindingKO templates are not loading in Magento 2.1 applicationgetting knockout js error magento 2Product grid not load -— Unable to process binding Knockout.js magento 2Product form not loaded in magento2Uncaught ReferenceError: Unable to process binding “if: function()return (isShowLegend()) ” magento 2