Сцинтиляція Див. також | Література | Навігаційне меню

Фізичні явища


рос.англ.нім.фосфорами




Сцинтиляція (рос. сцинтилляция, англ. scintillation, нім. Szintillation f) – короткочасний спалах світла (~10–4-10–9 с), що виникає під час проходження окремої зарядженої частинки крізь деякі речовини, що їх називають сцинтиляторами, або фосфорами. Сцинтиляцію уперше візуально спостерігав В. Крукс (1903) при опроміненні альфа-частинками екрана з ZnS. Атоми або молекули сцинтилятора за рахунок енергії заряджених частинок переходять у збуджений стан; наступний перехід зі збудженого в нормальний стан супроводжується випромінюванням світла — Сцинтиляція.


Механізм С., її спектр випромінювання й тривалість висвічування залежать від природи люмінесціюючої речовини.


Яскравість С. залежить від природи заряджених частинок і від енергії частинки, переданої при її пробігу в речовині.


Кожна С. – результат дії однієї частинки; цю обставину використовують у сцинтиляційних лічильниках для реєстрації елементарних частинок.



Див. також |


  • Сцинтилятори

  • Лічильник сцинтиляцій


Література |


  • Мала гірнича енциклопедія : у 3 т. / за ред. В. С. Білецького. — Д. : Східний видавничий дім, 2004—2013.

  • Глосарій термінів з хімії // Й.Опейда, О.Швайка. Ін-т фізико-органічної хімії та вуглехімії ім. Л.М.Литвиненка НАН України, Донецький національний університет — Донецьк: «Вебер», 2008. — 758 с. — ISBN 978-966-335-206-0


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