Стала Больцмана Зв'язок з ентропією | Виноски | Навігаційне меню

Фізичні константиЧисла з власними іменамиСтатистична фізика


температуроюенергієюЛюдвіга Больцманастатистичну фізикуСІДжKУніверсальна газова сталачисло АвогадромоляхЕнтропіяенергієюстатистичної механіки




Ста́ла Бо́льцмана (kdisplaystyle k або kBdisplaystyle k_B) — фізична стала, що визначає зв'язок між температурою та енергією. Названа на честь австрійського фізика Людвіга Больцмана, який зробив великий внесок у статистичну фізику, у якій ця стала є ключовою. Її значення в системі СІ дорівнює[1]



k= 1,380649×10-23Дж·K−1


Універсальна газова стала означається як добуток сталої Больцмана на число Авогадро, R=kNAdisplaystyle R=kN_mathrm A . Газова стала зручніша, коли число частинок задано в молях.



Зв'язок з ентропією |


Ентропія S термодинамічної системи визначається як натуральний логарифм від числа різних мікростанів L, що відповідають заданому макроскопічному стану (наприклад, стану з заданою повною енергією).


S=kln⁡Ldisplaystyle S=k,ln L,

Коефіцієнт пропорційності kdisplaystyle k і є сталою Больцмана. Цей вираз, що визначає зв'язок між мікроскопічними (L) та макроскопічними (S) характеристиками, виражає головну (центральну) ідею статистичної механіки.



Виноски |




  1. ↑ https://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/si-revised-brochure/Draft-SI-Brochure-2018.pdf




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